Whom Kyot may have come into contact in Provence or the Languedoc. Some of the ideas provided to Wolfram by the mysterious Kyot originated with It has been suggested (in the writings of O. Sect in what is now southern France, the Oc region or Languedoc. "It is thought that Wolfram began writing his poem Parzival in about 1200. The reader is left in no doubt that he is alluding In fact, Wolfram VonĮschenbach in his Grail epic `Parzival' describes a group of knights who are Happening through such groups as the Knights Templar.
He was said to have lived in Jerusalem and at the court ofįrederick Barbarossa, as well as being an initiate of the Templar mysteries.Īt the time the first mix in cultures of the Far East and the west was ".von Eschenbach, stated that Chretien derived the story of the Grailįrom a provincial cleric named Kyot, probably Guyot de Provins, a supporter of Happiness and becomes King of the Holy Grail.
Passes through struggle and temptation and in the end wins the highest earthly "Parzival" (Percival) is the well-known story of a simpleton who Wolfram von Eschenbach, the poet who wrote 'Parzival')." Minnesingers from France and Germany (possibly including the minnesinger known "Frederick II's court at Palermo was a center for learned men and for Had written "Parzival", the greatest of Middle High German court Hohenstaufen in Swabia / Austria in the period c.1175-1225, including also theĭuring Frederick's young adulthood, the German poet, Wolfram von Eschenbach, Von dem Türlin (all from the great flourishing of courtly literature among the Gottfried von Strassburg, Wolfram von Eschenbach, Hartmann von Aue, Heinrich Great practitioners: Chrétien de Troyes (c.1175), (see Matarasso Quest of the Holy Grail, intr.) many subsequent versions, "The 'Arthurian' and Grail 'Romance' cycles, date from the 1140's and reach aįirst climax with the great Vulgate cycle of the first half of the 13th century Chretien de Troyes' contributions to the Arthur myth include the Grail,Ĭamelot, Lancelot, chivalry and the very idea of knightly romance. In 13thĬentury Europe, Arthur was popularized by his Four Arthurian Romances (approx.ġ180). While Monmouth's is the most frequently cited early account of Arthur, at leastĪs important were the writings of another Norman, Chretien de Troyes. Contemporary accounts add a decade or more to the age of the forty-year old empress (Constance) who produced and heir after nine years of childless marriage.
"Merlin" had also spoken of "Secundus Fridericus insperati et mirabilis ortus" (the unexpected and miraculous birth of the second Frederick).
Whatever the caetera enclosed in his breast, Godfrey's version of the exitus dubius could apply not only to Arthur, but to the rumors that would surround the death of Godfrey's patron's son, the Wonder of the World, Frederick II.Įdited by Peter H Goodrich, Raymond H Thompson It is a curious coincidence that Godfrey, tutor to Henry VI (son of Barbarossa and father of Frederick II), should end his account with Merlin's prophecy of a deathless king: "Nec perit omnino, maris observabitur imo, vivere perpetus poterit rex ordine primo: ista tibi referro, caetera claudo sinu" (Gardner 6-7). Godfrey retells the story of the fatherless boy and Vortigern's tower, and he ends with Merlin's prophecy of the coming of Arthur. "It is in this role as prophet that Merlin develops most dramatically in Italy where an understandable lack of interest in Cambrian liberation leads to Merlin's naturalization as a prophet intimately embroiled in the politics of the court of Frederick II in Sicily.Īlthough Merlin may have arrived in Italy as early as 1128, it is in 1191, the year Arthur's tomb was discovered at Glastonbury, that he enters Italian literature in Godfrey of Viterbo's Pantheon, a universal history whose Arthurian material is drawn directly from Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia. Geoffrey's infuential Historia Regum Britanniae includes the eccentric Prophetiae Merlini. Who was more agreeable to the Norman conquerors. Of Monmouth, in his History of the Kings of Britain (1147), invented an Arthur By describing him as Britain'sįirst Christian king as well as a foe of the Saxons and pagan Celts, Geoffrey Reserve for the study of Third World cultures. Of their conquered subjects with something of the fascination we westerners now During that era, the Normans studied the cultures He Arthurian legends did not enjoy broad currency outside the British Isles
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