As such, this article explores responses to vaccine scepticism in online visual culture through a focus on pre-Covid-19 memes emerging on Reddit, a social news website and content aggregator, which grew in popularity during roughly the same time period as vaccine scepticism in the early decades of the 21 st Century (Panek, 2022, p. This tension has led to a symbolic struggle between anti-vaccine (anti-vaxx) and pro-vaccine (pro-vaxx) sentiment through a variety of creative visual and discursive practices.īy situating current struggles as part of a longer trajectory, more nuanced tactics can be deployed to navigate the shifting symbolic terrain of vaccine scepticism.
Vaccine scepticism occurs in diverse populations, from white libertarians to people of colour, new immigrant populations, and those who have lived in the United States for generations, and stronger levels are linked with a distrust of authorities (King, Rubinstein, Reinhart, & Mejia, 2021 Nguyen et al., 2021). Yet, despite compelling reasons to vaccinate oneself and their children, a minority of the population is hesitant, while others remain vehemently opposed. Those who choose not to vaccinate can also become ill and spread diseases to others. In the United States, 1–3% of individuals cannot receive standard vaccinations for health reasons (Stein, 2017), and must rely on herd immunity, or sufficient population resistance to diseases. In addition to safeguarding medical systems from becoming overwhelmed with potential outbreaks, widespread vaccinations are important for those who are vulnerable to disease, such as older populations, infants, and those with compromised autoimmune conditions. 1 Despite scientific evidence that vaccines are rarely harmful, growing global scepticism led the World Health Organization (WHO) to prioritize vaccine hesitancy as an issue that demanded global attention in 2019. There is a long history of opposition to vaccinations (Lau, 2016), and in more recent years, this has led to the re-emergence of communicable diseases. Accumulate prestige and the respect of your rivals as you build an industrial giant at home or an empire abroad.As resistance to vaccine mandates has led to global demonstrations amongst small but vocal and disruptive groups two years into the Covid-19 pandemic, it is clear there are formidable rhetorical and symbolic challenges in countering anti-vaccine sentiment (Scott, 2022).Increase your economic and military strength at the expense of rivals.Employ threats, military prowess and bluffs to persuade enemies to back down in conflicts.Use your diplomatic wiles to weave a tangled global web of pacts, relations, alliances, and rivalries to secure your diplomatic position on the world stage.Balance employing available labor force with the needs for new types of workers.Secure vital goods to fuel your advanced economy and control the fate of empires.Import cheap raw materials to cover your basic needs while finding new markets for your finished goods.Expand your industry to take advantage of lucrative goods, taxing the profits to improve national prosperity.Research transformative new technology or ideas to improve your national situation.Reform your government and constitution to take advantage of new social innovations, or preserve the stability of your nation by holding fast to tradition in the face of revolutionaries.Detailed population groups with their own economic needs and political desires.Agrarian or Industrial, Traditional or Radical, Peaceful or Expansionist. Lead dozens of world nations from 1836-1936.Balance the competing interests in your society and earn your place in the sun in Victoria 3, one of the most anticipated games in Paradox’s history. About This Game SHAPE A GRAND TOMORROWParadox Development Studio invites you to build your ideal society in the tumult of the exciting and transformative 19th century.
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